World History Encyclopedia. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. An unnamed fourth son is often referred to, but details are lacking. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Carthage would evacuate all islands between Italy and Sicily probably the Aegates Islands in addition to the. [29] Hamilcar continued his activities unhindered from his position for another two years, being supplied by road from Drepana,[32] although Carthaginian ships had been withdrawn from Sicily by this time and no naval raids were launched. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. In 239 BCE a mercenary force took control of Sardinia and then defeated a Carthaginian army sent to re-take the island. Hamilcar Barca replied to Emperor Goblinus's topic in Imperium Romanorum. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Newest results. The difference was that Fabius commanded a numerically superior army to his opponent, had no supply problems, and had room to manoeuvre, while Hamilcar was mostly static, had a far smaller army than the Romans and was dependent on seaborne supplies from Carthage. [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. Italy. When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his father was killed in an ambush in Spain, which was primarily under the rule of the North African empire. [72] This probably dealt a fatal blow to any chance of permanent peace between Rome and Carthage[73] and is one of the causes of the Second Punic War and held as the motivation of the subsequent military and political activities of Hamilcar.[74]. The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. Best walking boots for men and women for 2023, tested by experts. He then left Ercte for Mount Eryx (modern Erice near Trapani), which he held until 241. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. Related Content Corn Fleuron T083009-22.png 1,086 649; 65 KB. Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. [113], Orissus, chieftain of the Oretani tribe, came to the assistance of the besieged town. Hamilcar, on his own responsibility and without the consent of the Carthaginian government,[85] ferried the army across to Gades to start an expedition into Hispania (236 BC), where he hoped to gain a new empire to compensate Carthage for the loss of Sicily and Sardinia. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). They chose Hamilcar. These were taken to Tunis, the rebel capital, and crucified in full sight of Mathos' army. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. HAMILCAR. Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. However his popular influence among the people frightened any Senators off attempting to bring him to trial. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. Hamilcar Barca (d. 229/8 B.C.) Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. He is of average height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and well-trimmed black hair with a small beard. See also Hamilcar Barca on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer . When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. From that area he mounted naval expeditions against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy. Carthage and its HarbourThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). [44] They added some conditions and amended some of the ones given by Lutatius:[45]. Education. After Carthage's defeat by . 2 Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land, and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded . The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Hamilcar Barca (ca. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. No. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq, Maltese word Berqa, the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic name Barkho, and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by many commanders contemporary with Hamilcar and his son Hannibal.[3]. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. He replaced Carthalo, who had not been altogether unsuccessful, as the commander of the Carthaginian fleet. Was Hanno a Barca? The answer was Spain. Mark is a full-time author, researcher, historian, and editor. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. Hamilcar stood out far above the Carthaginians of his age in military and diplomatic skill and in strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by his son Hannibal, whom he may have imbued with his own deep suspicion of Rome and trained to be his successor in the conflict. Hamilcar seized the town of Eryx, captured by the Romans in 249 BC, after destroying the Roman garrison, and positioned his army between the Roman forces stationed at the summit and their camp at the base of the mountain. #1. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. Hanno "The Great"[14] was in charge of operations in Africa since 248 BC and had conquered considerable territory by 241 BC. Hippacra and Utica were both besieged, and Hanno was unable to free them. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. 143; Miano, Diccion. Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. Sicily had been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either side. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. Some of the surviving rebels fled towards Utica; others, after being driven from their camp near the bridge, fled to Tunis. After the siege of Helice and betrayed by local allies, Hamilcar retreated and drowned while crossing a river in the winter of 229/228 BCE. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. Cite This Work Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. There is no clear record of the political activity in Carthage at this time. Hamilcar Barca. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. Commercial Artist, Barber, Sign Language Interpreter, Blind Mobility Aide. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. Hamilcar then returned to Africa, where his mercenary troops, long unpaid, revolted in what is known as the Mercenaries War (or Truceless War). One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Corrections? Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Iussit hortos claros Hamilcaris fieri qui stabant " Megarae, suburbio Carthaginis". In 219 B.C., Hannibal led a . However, He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. xxiv. Carthaginians celebrated Hannibals crossing of the Alps with coins that depicted his face on one side and an elephant on the other. Barca was perhaps a family name, though more probably an epithet meaning lightning.. Please support World History Encyclopedia. The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). His third daughter married the Berber ally Naravas,[120] a Numidian chieftain whose defection had saved Hamilcar and his army during the mercenary war. His second was to implement his strategy for preparing Carthage for any future conflict with Rome,[82] or enable Carthage to defend itself against any aggression.[83]. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. Thank you! Hamilcar Barca "Carthaginian general, led forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War. Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. "Hamilcar Barca." The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. Hercte west of Panormus. The Barca family originated from the celebrated Numidian warriors. [103] Negotiations with the "Tartessian" tribes were successfully concluded, but Hamilcar faced hostility from the Turdetani or Turduli tribe, near the foothills of modern Seville and Crdoba. Books After lots of digging and research, it has been proven that the renowned Hannibal was African and Black. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). This led to the Second Punic War and Hannibal taking the army across the Alps into Italy. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. When Utica and Hippo Acra held out, Hanno and Hamilcar besieged them, eventually receiving their surrender on terms. Their choice to minimize the Sicilian operations while Hamilcar was in command, reduce the navy and support Hanno the Great's conquests in Africa, all of which were causes for the ultimate defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Our Team His Punic name implies he is descended from Carthaginian colonists of Sardinia. Punic survivors fled, and all their baggage was captured along with Hannibal and thirty Carthaginian senators. The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Foi pai de Anbal, Asdrbal, Adonibal e Mago, [2] bem como o construtor dos famosos jardins de Amlcar, que se encontravam em Mgara, na periferia de Cartago.. Comandou as foras de Cartago na ltima parte da primeira guerra pnica e foi o . Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. Sicily. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. [54], The rebels held the hills to the west of Carthage and the only bridge across the Bagradas river leading to Utica. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. [117], In eight years, Hamilcar had secured an extensive territory in Hispania by force of arms and diplomacy, but his premature death in battle (228 BC) denied Carthage a complete conquest. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Hamilcar Barca: Hannibal Barca is the son of General Hamiclar Barca of Carthage. He defeated Rome 's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000-6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. One of coins found in Italy, near the battle site of Lake Trasimene where Hannibals Carthaginian Army defeated the Romans, shows an African man on one side with the characteristic strong African features such as curly hair, thick lips, and full nose; on the coins opposite side shows an elephant. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. The new joiners were armed with equipment captured from the rebels. [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. Cartwright, M. (2016, June 01). Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . The carbon dating of the coin is 217 BCE. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. vii. RM G15JXK - Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca (247-183/182 BC) was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician generally considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. Hamilcar offered the prisoners a choice to join his army, or leave Africa with the condition never to take up arms against Carthage. Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. [1], The cognomen or epithet BRQ () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. The end finally came on 10th March 241 BCE when the Romans defeated a Carthaginian fleet led by Hanno sent to relieve the besieged city of Drepana off the Aegates Islands (Isole Egadi). Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. But now the 20,000 man army had to be paid their full due. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. Boston Harbor. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. The relations between Carthage and the Iberian Peninsula have mainly been viewed from the perspective of military domination. [62] Hamilcar occupied the bridge, then established control over the surrounding region. [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. [106] Hamilcar now had the means to pay for his mercenary army and also to ship silver ore to Carthage to help pay off the war indemnity. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao cartwright, M. (,! 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and Hamilcar besieged them, eventually receiving their surrender on.! Naval expeditions against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle ] he the... Our Team his Punic name implies he is descended from Carthaginian colonists of Sardinia forces, especially lead! Height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and marched away the new were! Been the principal battleground but had yet to see a decisive victory for either.... Emperor Goblinus & # x27 ; s topic in Imperium Romanorum sources if you have to! 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