Please enter your email and password to sign in. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. Learn more about merges. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. by Peter Paret and Daniel Moran (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 101. 9, No. On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. Historical and Political Writings, ed. Friedrich Scharnhorst 27 December 1902-7 April 1991 (Age 88) Buchholz (Aller), Soltau-Fallingbostel, Niedersachsen, Germany The Life Summary of Friedrich Friedrich Scharnhorst was born on 27 December 1902. In addition to Clausewitz, the group also included August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Hermann von Boyen, Karl von Grolman, Karl von Tiedemann, and Prince August.[13]. She was powered by three Brown, Boveri & Cie geared steam turbines, which developed a total of 159,551shp; 118,977kW and yielded a maximum speed of 31.5 knots (58.3km/h; 36.2mph) on speed trials. View Full Report . Friedrich Hugo Scharnhorst . General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. [13], By 17:16, Rawalpindi was burning badly and in the process of sinking. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. [5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. Scharnhorst, however, did not live to see the fruits of his efforts. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. Praise for Death in Focus When the officer in the General Staff has received a good education in times of peace, in times of war he will quickly become useful in many roles. Father of Hinrich Scharnhorst; Jochen Scharnhorst; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert Scharnhorst. Friedrich G Sauer from Lansing, MI. [76] Of the crew of 1,968 officers and enlisted men, only 36 men survived. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine. The rear turret was disabled and 48 men were killed. After a day of steaming west, the ships turned south and rendezvoused with Admiral Hipper on 12 April. Friedrich Georg Sauer (born 1978) is listed at 518 N Magnolia Ave Lansing, Mi 48912 and has no known political party affiliation. Gerhard Wilhelm Scharnhorst was born on month day 1768, at birth place, to Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and Catharina Elisabeth Scharnhorst (born Lueders). Napoleon expected that a series of fast defeats and costly battles would knock either Russia or Prussia out of the war, but they did not falter. The two ships encountered convoy SL 67,[33] escorted by the battleship Malaya, on 8 March. Instead, Austria and other smaller German states joined the fight in the fall of 1813 and defeated Napoleon in 1814. Scharnhorsts solution to dodge the restriction was every few months to send on leave veteran soldiers while their companies mustered and educated a batch of new recruits (the so-caller Krmpersystem). [4], At her commissioning, Scharnhorst was commanded by Kapitn zur See (KzS) Otto Ciliax. In 1783, when a new artillery school was established in Hanover, Scharnhorst was appointed an instructor there. Resend Activation Email. Please try again later. Six 53.3cm (21in) above-water torpedo tubes, taken from the light cruisers Nrnberg and Leipzig, were installed in 1942. In early 1943, Scharnhorst joined the Bismarck-class battleship Tirpitz in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. Scharnhorst detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. According to Clausewitz, Scharnhorst was one of the first to realize that most of the key technological and tactical changes were present before the French Revolution; it was the political upheaval that multiplied their destructive capacities. This 38,100 t ship was named after the Prussian general and army reformer Gerhard von Scharnhorst . Email addresses. This account has been disabled. Try again later. Bernd von Arnim, Paul Jakobi, Friedrich Eckoldt, Erich Steinbrinck, Diether von Roeder and Max Schulz. No one knew how well he would perform in a real war, however. This meant Hanoverian soldiers had to prepare for active service in unfamiliar places and learn how to conduct the so-called small war or petty warfare: reconnaissance patrols, raids, and other small-scale operations. The power outage disabled the emergency shut-off switches to the boilers and turbines, which could not be turned off until power was restored. 76 Squadron RAF flew the extra 200 miles (320km) to reach Scharnhorst and the rest of the raid on Brest went ahead as planned, with Prinz Eugen and Gneisenau as their principal targets. After Count Wilhelm died in 1777 and his military academy was disbanded, Scharnhorst returned to the Electorate of Hanover and applied for a position in his home army. [12], To fulfill his reform agenda, Scharnhorst surrounded himself with a group of talented officers, some of them his former students. Only the centerline shaft was operational, which permitted a speed of only 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph). Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. Hannahwas born in February 1840, in Germany. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. [13] More information about the two lesser known members of the reform circle: Tiedemann was Clausewitzs best friend in the Kriegsakademie and also left Prussian service in 1812 to fight against Napoleon in Russia. He passed away on 29 APR 1889. Two days later, the German flotilla intercepted the British armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi. His new commander was another extraordinary man, Emmerich von Estorff. Family members linked to this person will appear here. In early April, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers conducted a training mission to Bear Island in the Arctic Ocean. But without a good education in times of peace, an officer in the General Staff will never achieve anything significant in war. [57] Fraser in the powerful battleship Duke of York, along with the cruiser Jamaica and four destroyers, moved to a position southwest of Scharnhorst to block a possible escape attempt. Through reminiscences of a hundred possible but unlikely disasters, they make the general they support anxious. [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were the covering force for the assaults on Narvik and Trondheim; the two ships left Wilhelmshaven on the morning of 7 April. Admiral Lutjens was the commander-in-chief of the operation, he would go on to command the cruise of Bismarck and Prinz . At 13:15, Bey decided to return to base, and at 13:43, he dismissed the destroyers and instructed them to return to port. [11] Yet, before the disaster of 1806 shook Prussia out of its lull, few men of authority were eager to listen to and implement Scharnhorsts reforms. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 15cm (5.9in) L/55 guns, eight of which were placed in two-gun turrets and the remaining four were carried in individual turrets. The mine briefly knocked out the power system and temporarily disabled the rudders. He chose the Cape Town-Gibraltar convoy route, and positioned himself to the northwest of Cape Verde. You cannot merge a memorial into itself. Scharnhorst, from a portrait by Friedrich Bury (Britannica). 9, No. He had at least 1 son with Anna. Yet Napoleons general staff remained an organization built around his personal needs, without continuity and authority of its own. During the maneuvers, she collided with the German submarineU-523, which caused damage that necessitated dry-docking for repairs. [62], On 22 December Dnitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. Extensive damage from shellfire and torpedoes is evident; the bow was blown off, presumably from a magazine explosion in the forward turrets, and lies in a tangled mass of steel some distance from the rest of the hull. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Year should not be greater than current year. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. Johann HeinrichDietrich Friedrich Scharnhorst married Dorothea Wiggers and had 7 children. Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. [9], For Clausewitz, Scharnhorst became something of a substitute father. The Halifax heavy bombers of No. [18] Scharnhorst's radar malfunctioned, which prevented her from being able to effectively engage Renown during the battle. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. This was in accordance with the "hail of fire" theory, which emphasized smaller, rapid firing guns over larger and slower guns. Thus he created a force in reserve that could be called upon once the time was ripe. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Friedrich Philipp Scharnhorst (1666 - Unknown) How do we create a person's profile? [15] Reinhard Hhn, Scharnhorsts Vermchtnis (Frankfurt am Main: Bernard&Graefe Verlag, 1972), 312-313. As Scharnhorsts life and legacy remain less known than Clausewitzs, the following passages also offer a brief introduction. Jrme Bonaparte wird Knig des neu gegrndeten Knigreichs Westphalen . [31] Severe storms caused damage to Gneisenau but Scharnhorst was undamaged. [22] Titled Bruchstck ber Erfahrung und Theorie. [50], While the ship was immobilized, Admiral Ciliax transferred to Z29. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? An RAF patrol aircraft spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an air attack. The Hudsons dropped thirty-six 227lb (103kg) armor-piercing bombs, which all missed. [56] The destroyers landed some 1,000 troops, which pushed the Norwegian garrison into the mountains, completing the mission without major loss. Forced to take refuge in the furthest corner of his state, the city of Kningberg in East Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm finally embraced a far-reaching reform agenda. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. The political overhaul also unleashed the energy and ambition of commanders able to apply these advancements to their fullest potential, none more so than Napoleon. Her main battery turrets had 360mm (14in) of armor on their faces and 200mm (7.9in) on their sides. Der Frieden von Tilsit beendet den Vierten Koalitionskrieg . Learn more about managing a memorial . In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. . Add to your scrapbook. The destroyers Scorpion and HNoMSStord launched a total of eight torpedoes at 18:50, four of which hit. The explosion killed or injured 34 men and prompted the crew to flood the magazines for turret Caesar as a precaution against a magazine explosion. [9], Scharnhorst was ordered as Ersatz Elsass as a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought Elsass, under the contract name "D."[4] The Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. Christian was born in 1808, in Hannover, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland. [70] Shortly thereafter, another 14in shell struck the ventilation trunk attached to Bruno, which caused the turret to be flooded with noxious propellant gases every time the breeches were opened. Follow the logo below, and you too can contribute toThe Bridge: Enjoy what you just read? Unaware that they had been detected, the Germans had turned off their radar to prevent the British from picking up on the signals. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. But most people haven't heard of Operation Berlin, the time 2 German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau successfully broke out and raided the convoy lanes and influenced Bismarck's fateful mission. By 08:00, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. [68] The first shell hit the forward superstructure and disabled Norfolk's gunnery radar. Try again. In early February, minesweepers swept a route through the English Channel undetected by the British. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. The Germans intercepted British radio traffic that indicated the Royal Navy was at sea, which prompted Scharnhorst to make for Stavanger. [50] The engine room crews managed to restart the first turbine at 15:49, nearly twenty minutes after the mine explosion. Failed to remove flower. They were joined by Admiral Hipper and four destroyers. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1734 - 1803) How do we create a person's profile? Include gps location with grave photos where possible. Her anti-aircraft armament consisted of fourteen 10.5cm L/65 and sixteen 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 L/83, and initially ten 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. Malaya turned on the two battleships and closed to 24,000m (26,000yd), well within the range of the Germans' guns, but Ltjens refused to be drawn into an engagement. [21], At 17:45, the German battleships spotted the British aircraft carrier Glorious and two escorting destroyers, Ardent and Acasta, at a range of some 40,000m (44,000yd; 25mi). Shell splinters rained on Duke of York and disabled the fire-control radar. Once the ship was back under way, twelve Beauforts launched a 10-minute attack that was beaten off by anti-aircraft fire and the escorting Luftwaffe fighters. Several days later, the main body of the convoy was located, and Scharnhorst sank another seven ships totaling 27,277 tons. In early 1813, with Napoleons return to Central Europe and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice. Try again later. She did not return to Brest to avoid an undesirable concentration of heavy units in one port (the Prinz Eugen had arrived there on 21 July) but moored alongside at La Pallice on 23 July. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so Scharnhorst and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. The ship reached Brest later that day and went into dry dock for repairs, which took 4 months. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. In his biography of Clausewitz, Peter Paret offers a summary of Scharnhorsts life and ideas: Peter Paret, Clausewitz and the State:The Man, His Theories, and His Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985 ), 56-77. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. By 07:15, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing Renown. With this series, The Strategy Bridge strives to fill this gap. The newly built anti-Napoleonic coalition was far from strong or successful in all of its actions, but its spirit had changed. As Acasta sank, one of the 4 torpedoes she had fired hit Scharnhorst at 19:39. If you know of things missing or have corrections, please log in and submit them. [16] Early on 9 April, the two ships encountered the British battlecruiser HMS Renown. 1 (2018): 38. Richard John Scharnhorst was born on month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois. Work was completed by September, and the ship conducted further training in the Baltic. The shell struck the carrier's upper hangar and started a large fire. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. Scharnhorst sank two ships. [2] Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Private und dienstliche Schriften, ed. [15] During the brief engagement, Rawalpindi managed to score a hit on Scharnhorst, which caused minor splinter damage. This caused flooding in the bow and damaged electrical systems in the forward gun turret. All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. Sorry! Vanya Eftimova Bellinger is the author of Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War. Shortly after 08:30 on 8 February, lookouts spotted convoy HX 106, escorted by the battleship Ramillies. The flooding caused a 5degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced Scharnhorst to reduce speed to 20 knots (37km/h; 23mph). She was 234.9m (770ft 8in) long overall and had a beam of 30m (98ft 5in) and a maximum draft of 9.9m (32ft 6in). Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. The best method for developing coup doeil, he argued, combined the critical reading of military history, both ancient and modern, with what he called supposing (supponieren), the habit of placing imaginary forces in what-ever real piece of ground happened to be at hand.[6]. The German warships were protected by poor visibility, however, and the three ships safely reached port later that day. You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. Invalid memorial. Friedrichlived in 1832, at address. [19], Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had reached a point north-west of Lofoten, Norway, by 12:00 on 9 April. [13] They were joined by the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper. Such an officer might even present a danger to the organization and the commander he was assigned to support. Geni requires JavaScript! ", At 18:42, Duke of York ceased fire, having fired 52 salvos and having scored at least 13 hits, but Scharnhorst was pulling away. To use this feature, use a newer browser. The explosive shock caused serious damage; turret Bruno was jammed, as were the twin and single 15cm mounts on the port side. Boiler and turbine troubles kept the ship in Germany for the remainder of 1942. Later on, the veteran soldiers were sent permanently home as reserves and called for annual training only, while the younger ones assumed regular service. [11] Scharnhorst was commissioned into the fleet on 9 January for sea trials,[12] which revealed a dangerous tendency to ship considerable amounts of water in heavy seas. Have a response or an idea for your own article? 35 Squadron RAF and No. This methodical exploration, for its part, would strengthen their intellect and ability to be creative and act boldly when facing a real-life situation. Marie von Clausewitz wrote in 1832 about the relationship between her husband and his mentor, stating: He was close to despair, and probably would have given up on the hard endeavor, if it wasnt [for] Scharnhorst, who encouraged him with his unique kindness and benevolence and at the same time through his enlightened teaching woke up and developed all the seeds of his mental resources. When the king finally switched sides in the spring of 1813, Scharnhorst swiftly unfolded the plans for mass mobilization prepared by his circle. The second 227kg bomb fell forward of the rear main battery turret and penetrated the first two decks. The following day a reconnaissance plane from RAF Coastal Command spotted the ship, and a raid by twelve Hudson bombers took place on 11 June. ). Friedrich Wilhelm also failed to embrace Scharnhorsts bold ideas for military reform. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [4], She was armed with a main battery of nine 28cm (11.1in) L/54.5 guns arranged in three triple gun turrets: two turrets were placed forward in a superfiring arrangement (Anton and Bruno), and one aft (Caesar). They entered the Channel an hour later; the three ships sped at 27 knots (50km/h; 31mph), hugging the French coast along the voyage. Echoing his mentors approach to teaching in On War, Clausewitz wrote that theory is meant to educate the mind of the future commander, or, more accurately, to guide him in his self-education, not to accompany him to the battlefield; just as a wise teacher guides and stimulates a young mans intellectual development, but is careful not to lead him by the hand for the rest of his life.[10]. The intent of the operation was to draw out British units and ease the pressure on the heavy cruiser ("pocket battleship") Admiral Graf Spee, which was being pursued in the South Atlantic. Johann was born on July 23 1748, in Bordenau, Hannover, Preussen, Germany. Without Gerhard von Scharnhorst, it is unlikely there would be a Carl von Clausewitz. General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff. Canadian Defense Forces Publication. are mike and jay norvell brothers, 12 April joined by the battleship Ramillies Knigreichs Westphalen a real war however. Austria and other smaller German states joined the Bismarck-class battleship Tirpitz in Norway to interdict Allied convoys the. Sea on a three-hour notice their sides 9 April, the ships turned south and rendezvoused with Admiral on. The organization and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice dropped thirty-six 227lb ( )... Scharnhorst at 19:39 command the cruise of Bismarck and Prinz most of a memorial have a response an! Jrme Bonaparte wird Knig des neu gegrndeten Knigreichs Westphalen and disabled Norfolk 's gunnery radar Bellinger is the of! 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